A double-edged sword: Amylostereum areolatum odors attract both Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and its parasitoid, Ibalia leucospoides

The Eurasian woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, is an invasive pest of pines in temperate regions the Southern Hemisphere, and has been introduced to North America. A parasitoid, Ibalia leucospoides, broadly employed for biological control this pest. Volatiles emitted from fungal symbiont S. Amylostereum areolatum, are reliable cues noctilio I. leucospoides females optimize their foraging behavior (host location host habitat finding) a chemically complex environment. headspace volatiles A. were analyzed using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) GC-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) both females. Analyses revealed that species could detect several volatiles. In olfactometer bioassays, attracted 4-component blend 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, trans-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool, geraniol, while addition ρ-anisaldehyde was necessary attraction results trap catches field experiments confirmed these combination with tree attractive species, although release rate important. These can serve as basis development improved lures species.